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Publications on Health ICT

Governance and Sustainability

  • Towards Sustainability of Health Information Systems: How Can We Define, Measure and Achieve It? (PDF)
    • Sebastian Garde (a, b), Carola M. Hullina (b), Rong Chen (c), Thilo Schuler (d), Jana Gränz (a, e), Petra Knaup (f), Evelyn J.S. Hovenga (a)
    a Health Informatics Research Group, Central Queensland University, Melbourne VIC & Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
    bAustin Centre for Applied Clinical Informatics, Austin Health, Heidelberg VIC, Australia
    c Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden
    d Department of Medical Informatics, University of Freiburg, Germany
    e Faculty of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Ulm, Germany
    f Department of Medical Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
    • pp1179-1183 Proceedings MedInfo 2007, K. Kuhn et al. (Eds), IOS Publishing 2007.
    • Abstract: Health information systems (HIS) in their current form are rarely sustainable. In order to sustain our health information systems and with it our health systems, we need to focus on defining and maintaining sustainable Health Information System building blocks or components. These components need to be easily updatable when clinical knowledge (or anything else) changes, easily adaptable when business requirements or processes change, and easily exchangeable when technology advances. One major prerequisite for this is that we need to be able to define and measure sustainability, so that it can become one of the major business drivers in HIS development. Therefore, this paper analyses general definitions and indicators for sustainability, and analyses their applicability to HIS. We find that general ‘Emergy analysis’ is one possibility to measure sustainability for HIS. Based on this, we investigate major enablers and inhibitors to sustainability in a highlevel framework consisting of four pillars: clinical, technical, socio-technical, and political/business. 

openEHR

  • Graphical Overview and Navigation of Electronic Health Records in a prototyping environment using Google Earth and openEHR Archetypes. (PDF)
    • Erik Sundvall, Mikael Nyström, Mattias Forss, Rong Chen, Håkan Petersson, Hans Åhlfeldt
      Linköping University, Sweden
    • pp1043-1047 Proceedings MedInfo 2007, K. Kuhn et al. (Eds), IOS Publishing 2007.
    • Abstract: This paper describes selected earlier approaches to graphically relating events to each other and to time; some new combinations are also suggested. These are then combined into a unified prototyping environment for visualization and navigation of electronic health records. Google Earth (GE) is used for handling display and interaction of clinical information stored using openEHR data structures and ‘archetypes’. The strength of the approach comes from GE’s sophisticated handling of detail levels, from coarse overviews to fine-grained details that has been combined with linear, polar and region-based views of clinical events related to time. The system should be easy to learn since all the visualization styles can use the same navigation.
      The structured and multifaceted approach to handling time that is possible with archetyped openEHR data lends itself well to visualizing and integration with openEHR components is provided in the environment.
  • The openEHR Java Reference Implementation Project. (PDF)
    • Rong Chen (a), Gunnar O Klein (b).
       a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden
      b Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
    • pp 58-62 Proceedings MedInfo 2007, K. Kuhn et al. (Eds), IOS Publishing 2007
    • Abstract: The openEHR foundation has developed an innovative design for interoperable and future-proof Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems based on a dual model  approach with a stable reference information model complemented by archetypes for specific clinical purposes.
      A team from Sweden has implemented all the stable specifications in the Java programming language and donated the source code to the openEHR foundation. It was adopted as the openEHR Java Reference Implementation in March 2005 and released under open source licenses. This encourages early EHR implementation projects around the world and a number of groups have already started to use this code.
      The early Java implementation experience has also led to the publication of the openEHR Java Implementation Technology Specification. A number of design changes to the specifications and important minor corrections have been directly initiated by the implementation project over the last two years. The Java Implementation has been important for the validation and improvement of the openEHR design specifications and provides building blocks for future EHR systems.  
  • Generic screen representations for future proof systems
    • Helma van der Linden(a), Thilo Schuler(b), Rong Chen(c), Jan Talmon(a)
      a Medical Informatics, University Maastricht, The Netherlands
      b Department of Medical Informatics, University of Freiburg, Germany
      c Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden
    • Proceedings MedInfo 2007, K. Kuhn et al. (Eds), IOS Publishing 2007. (PDF)
    • Abstract: Semantic interoperability should not only cover system interpretation of incoming information, but should be extended to include screen representation. This article describes a two-model approach to generate a screen representation for archetype-based information, which is inspired by the two-model approach used by openEHR for their archetypes. It provides a separation between software-related display knowledge and domain-related display knowledge and is designed with reuse of components in mind. This approach leads to a flexible GUI that can adapt not only to information structures that are not predefined within the receiving system and display them in a meaningful way, but also to novel ways of displaying the in-formation.We are working on a proof of concept implementation to vali-date the approach. 
  • Julius – a template based supplementary electronic health record system. (Biomed Central link)
    Rong Chen, Gösta Enberg, Gunnar O Klein.
    BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2007, 7:10 doi:10.1186/1472-6947-7-10 

Regional Health

  • Regional Health Economies and ICT Services: the PICNIC Experience. (IOS Press page for this book).
    • Niilo Saranummi, David Piggott, DG Katehakis, M Tsiknakis, Knut Bernstein (Eds.).
    • Volume 115 in Health Technology and Informatics series. IOS Press 2005. 
      Includes a chapter by Dipak Kalra, Thomas Beale T, Sam Heard on openEHR.

Health Records

  • An Ontology-based Model of Clinical Information.  (PDF)
    • Thomas Beale (a), Sam Heard (b)
      a CTO Ocean Informatics, visiting Senior Research Fellow, University College London
      b CEO Ocean Informatics, Adjunct Professor, University Central Queensland
    • pp760-764 Proceedings MedInfo 2007, K. Kuhn et al. (Eds), IOS Publishing 2007.
    • Abstract: In this paper we describe a model of clinical information designed to make health information systems properly interoperable and safely computable. The model is a response  to a number of categories of requirements, ranging from the semantic to the performance of software at runtime. We argue that the starting point of a successful model must be an ontological analysis of the process of clinical care delivery, seen as a scientific problem-solving process. From this approach we develop a classification of types of clinical information called the Clinical InvestigatorRecord (CIR) ontology.
  • PhD thesis: Clinical foundations and information architecture for the implementation of a federated health record service (UCL ePrints link - includes abstract)
    • Dipak Kalra
    • UCL (University College London) deposited 24 January 2006
  • Person-Centered Health Records - Toward HealthePeople. (Springer page for this book).
    • Jim E Demetriades, Robert M Kolodner, Gary A Christopherson (Eds.)
    • Springer 2005. 
      Includes a chapter by Ken Rubin, Thomas Beale, Bernd Blobel on Modelling for Health Care.
  •  Electronic Health Records and Communication for Better Health Care. (IOS Press page for this book).
    • François Mennerat (Ed).
    • IOS Press 2002. 
      Includes a chapter by Dipak Kalra, Thomas Beale, Sam Heard on openEHR.
  • Design and Implementation of a Federated Health Record Server (PDF)
    • Kalra D 1, Austin 1, A, O’Connor 1, A, Lloyd, D 1, Patterson, D 2, Ingram, D 1
      1 University College London, CHIME, Holborn Union Building, Highgate Hill, London, N19 3UA
      2 The Whittington Hospital, Highgate Hill, London N19 5NF
    • Reprinted from: TEHRE 2001 m-Health Conference Proceedings; Paper 001 11-14 November 2001 Page 1
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